Oral-Systemic Health and Preexisting Conditions
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, may be considered the primary component of the oral-systemic connection. The mouth is one of the primary entryways into the digestive and respiratory tracts, making it a natural breeding ground for bacteria. Most of such bacteria are harmless, but poor oral hygiene may allow them to multiply to dangerously high levels. At this point, the mouth becomes at risk for several oral infections. Inflammation will then enter the bloodstream, weakening the body’s immune system.
Oral health is most notably linked to preexisting heart conditions and diabetes. However, others involve pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, and more. Research has shown that heart conditions and periodontitis have a positively correlated relationship and that diabetes and oral health exist bidirectionally. As such, receiving treatment for one condition often treats the other. Poor oral hygiene can increase elderly patients’ risk of pneumonia. Furthermore, rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease are both linked to severe inflammation — making patients more susceptible to further health problems.
“Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, may be considered the primary component of the oral-systemic connection.”
Habitual vs. Genetic Factors in Oral Health
Habitual
Dental problems stemming from behavior, habit, and maintenance affect a person’s oral health from birth to adulthood. The leading causes of many oral concerns are smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and inadequate brushing, flossing, and rinsing. Maintaining a proper oral hygiene routine is crucial from the moment the first teeth erupt. A healthy routine for adult teeth consists of brushing 2-3 times a day, flossing daily, rinsing before and after meals, and visiting the dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.
Genetic
A variety of oral health conditions are primarily genetic and may be out of a person’s control. In most cases, health conditions are a combination of genes and the environment. Oral conditions found to be genetic to some extent include periodontal disease, cavities and caries, tooth decay and erosion, oral cancer, cleft lip or palate, and misaligned teeth. These conditions can escalate with improper or inadequate oral hygiene and impact other body systems.
How to Prevent These Issues
Oral care in early infanthood — wiping down or brushing the infant’s gums several times a day — is the first step in the oral health journey and can significantly decrease a person’s risk of disease through adulthood. It is possible to diagnose the majority of oral conditions at a young age through preventative treatments that combat disease and decay at the root. More severe conditions such as gingivitis, periodontal disease, and oral cancer can be treated by a dental professional through surgeries and various treatments when found early. The most crucial step in preventing oral and systemic health concerns is maintaining a consistent oral hygiene routine.
Healthy Living and Wellness Plans
A part of living a healthy, balanced life is diet, nutrition, exercise, and hygiene. A good oral hygiene routine entails proper brushing twice a day, flossing and rinsing daily, consistent six-month dental checkups and cleanings, replacing toothbrushes every three months, and avoiding sugary foods and beverages.
A wellness plan is a program designed to improve health and fitness, usually offered by employers and insurance companies. A wellness plan encompasses all health concerns (mental, physical, and emotional) for full-body wellness. They incorporate oral health, general health, and mental health concerns into a systemic chain that combats conditions simultaneously.
“In most cases, health conditions are a combination of genes and environment.”
Heart Conditions
Heart Disease
Poor oral health increases the risk of bacteria and infection entering the bloodstream, particularly affecting patients with artificial heart valves. The Mayo Clinic found that “heart disease, clogged arteries, and stroke might be linked to the inflammation and infections that oral bacteria can cause.” Periodontal disease, a severe form of gum disease, is associated with an increased risk of developing a heart condition.
Endocarditis
Endocarditis is an infection in the inner lining of the heart chambers caused by bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteria, fungi, infections, and viruses attach to certain parts of the heart and clog the heart chambers or valves (endocardium). Going without treatment can lead to various health complications and fatal risks.
“Gum disease, and its severe form periodontal disease, is associated with an increased risk of developing a heart condition.”
The Gut and Immune Systems
Gut Health
The gastrointestinal system is primarily affected by oral health despite having a greater bacterial density than the oral cavity. The Journal of Oral Microbiology study concluded that “severe diseases and genetic susceptibility of the host may promote ectopic colonization of oral bacteria.” The intestinal tract is a leading pathway for microbes and bacteria to enter the gut and many other body systems. Good oral hygiene, periodontal therapy, prebiotics, and probiotics may reduce oral bacteria in gastrointestinal disorders.
Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies refer to over three-hundred diseases that affect the body’s defense or immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS and Down syndrome. Many of these diseases are primarily genetic, but malnutrition and poor oral hygiene play a major role. The National Institutes of Health found that “bacterial plaque related periodontal diseases seem particularly sensitive to primary deficiencies in the innate immune system.” Since an immunodeficient patient’s body defenses are weak, the immune system has difficulty fighting infections and bacteria that enter through the mouth.
“Many of these diseases are primarily genetic, but malnutrition and poor oral hygiene play a major role.”
Gum Disease Link to General Health
Gum disease is the leading cause of tooth decay, tooth loss, and, in severe cases, periodontal disease. The CDC found that “Certain chronic conditions increase one’s risk for periodontal disease including diabetes, a weakened immune system, poor oral hygiene, and heredity.” Gum and periodontal disease, characterized by sensitive and inflamed gums, are linked to decay and can result in tooth and bone loss when left untreated.
Diabetes is another common condition that both affects and is affected by gum disease. According to the Mayo Clinic, “By reducing the body’s resistance to infection, diabetes puts your gums at risk. Gum disease appears to be more frequent and severe among people who have diabetes since people who have gum disease have a harder time controlling their blood sugar levels.” Gum and periodontal care can help manage diabetes while maintaining stability in blood sugar can also help mitigate gum and periodontal disease.
“Gum and periodontal care can help manage diabetes while maintaining stability in blood sugar can also help mitigate gum and periodontal disease.”
Cavities and Sensitive Teeth
Cavities and caries are the root causes of initial tooth decay caused by a breakdown of the tooth’s enamel. As tooth structure decays, the teeth and surrounding areas become sensitive to hot and cold food, drink, air, and temperature. Sensitive teeth tend to bleed more or cause discomfort when brushing and flossing, leading to poor oral hygiene.
Other Effects of Cavities
Cavities are also the leading cause of tooth decay and tooth loss. According to the CDC, “Untreated tooth decay can lead to [an] abscess (a severe infection) under the gums which can spread to other parts of the body and have serious, and in rare cases fatal, results.” Infections include gum disease, and, in more severe cases, periodontal disease, which can both profoundly impact the body systems, especially the digestive and respiratory tracts.
“As tooth structure decays, the teeth and surrounding areas become sensitive to hot and cold food, drink, air, and temperature.”
Cracked and Broken Teeth
Cracked teeth can happen in a variety of ways: craze lines, cracked cusps, cracked teeth, and split teeth. Craze lines are common in adults and are not harmful as they are merely on the surface enamel but may lead to a cracked tooth. Cracked cusps can lead to a broken tooth, and cracked and split teeth need immediate attention as they can cause damage to other parts of the mouth, especially the gums.
Cracked or broken teeth can cause many oral and general health problems, as cracks give way to bacteria and infection. The Oral Health Foundation found that “If they are not treated, cracked teeth can lead to the death of the nerve, and an abscess might grow.” An abscess is full of pus and bacteria, and when it opens, the bacteria travels through various tracts to the body.
“Cracked or broken teeth can cause many oral and general health problems, as cracks give way to bacteria and infection.”
Oral Cancers
Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer most commonly result from behavioral factors such as smoking, excessive drinking, and poor nutrition. People with a weak immune system are at the highest risk of developing oral cancers, as the body is unable to fight bacteria and infection as effectively. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can also cause oral cancers because of their effect on the mouth and throat.
Oral hygiene plays a vital role in reducing the risk of oral cancers along with preventing oral and general health concerns. The American Cancer Society found that “the overall health of the mouth, teeth, and gums may impact oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer risk because of changes in the normal bacteria in the mouth.” Poor oral hygiene may be linked to these cancers because of bacterial infections, tooth decay, and gum disease.
“Oral hygiene plays an important role in both reducing risk of oral cancers and preventing oral and general health concerns.”
Effects During Pregnancy
Premature Birth
As bacteria enter the body through the oral cavity, various tracts lead to the womb and affect the fetus. According to the Matern Child Health Journal, “Untreated dental disease can lead to infection and inflammation, which have been implicated as significant contributors to preterm birth.” In essence, the fetus does attain an inflammatory response to maternal oral infection.
Low Birth Weight
Women who have periodontal disease have also been linked to higher rates of premature birth and low birth weight. Good oral hygiene and care before and during pregnancy have shown a significantly lower number of low birth weight babies. In an article on preventative medicine, researchers found that pregnant women who brushed their teeth thoroughly thirteen or more times a week had normal birth weight outcomes and preterm birth (37 completed weeks of gestation).
“Good oral hygiene and care before and during pregnancy have shown a significantly lower number of low birth weight babies.”
Managing Preexisting Conditions With Complete Health Dentistry
Just as oral health may affect other aspects of a patient’s health, certain systemic conditions may also influence a patient’s oral health. Neglecting one aspect of one’s medical care can easily cause a never-ending cycle of health issues. As such, the very nature of the oral-systemic connection can sometimes necessitate changes to a patient’s treatment plan — dental or otherwise. For instance, patients who have had a heart attack, heart failure, high blood pressure, stroke, or even chest pain (also known as angina) should seek their cardiologists’ approval before scheduling any dental treatments.
Once approved, patients should tell their dentists about any heart conditions they have, procedures they have undergone, and medications they are taking to best allow the team to plan for any potential emergencies. This is true regardless of any systemic condition a patient may have. We can only provide optimal care if we know the full extent of our patients’ unique medical histories and preexisting conditions. Otherwise, patients may run the risk of further aggravating both their oral and overall health.
“Neglecting one aspect of one’s medical care can easily cause a never-ending cycle of health issues.”
Preexisting Conditions, Complete Health Dentistry, and Insurance
Insurance companies typically define preexisting conditions as those conditions a patient had either been diagnosed with or received treatment for before enrolling in their current health plan. Examples include chronic illnesses, depression, diabetes, epilepsy, lupus, various forms of cancer, and more. Since January 1, 2014, it has been illegal for health insurance companies to refuse to cover or charge individuals more for their preexisting conditions, nor can they limit benefits for such conditions.
No insured person can be denied treatment for their preexisting conditions. As such, it is easier than ever for patients to find the right insurance policy for them. Still, certain health insurance plans may be a better fit for certain conditions. Those with chronic or ongoing illnesses, for instance, may benefit from choosing policies that allow more frequent care. Patients must have a comprehensive understanding of their medical needs when selecting a health insurance plan. For many, this can begin with a consultation with a complete health dentist.
“Patients must have a comprehensive understanding of their medical needs when selecting a health insurance plan.”
Check out what others are saying about our dental services on Yelp: Dental Health and Preexisting Conditions in Redwood City, CA
Treating Preexisting Conditions With Complete Health Dentistry
Studies have shown that general health has a bidirectional relationship with oral health, meaning that good health is impossible without a healthy mouth. Some conditions may put patients more at risk for periodontal disease. At the same time, periodontal disease may further aggravate certain conditions. As a result, patients require comprehensive treatment for optimal care. While traditional dentists typically treat isolated conditions, complete health dentists view a patient’s health in its entirety. This involves educating the patient on their condition, how it manifested, other systemic diseases it may indicate, and how to address it at the root.
Furthermore, successful treatment must involve sufficient inter-provider communication. This is especially true since most primary care providers rarely ask patients about their oral health. With a patient’s permission, we can work together with their medical team to best customize their treatment plan for their unique, individual needs. This allows us to further our patient-centered approach and address any warning signs of disease we may have otherwise missed. It can also assist all involved healthcare professionals in avoiding any potentially aggravating factors.
“Studies have shown that general health has a bidirectional relationship with oral health, meaning that good health is impossible without a healthy mouth.”
Treatments for Those Suffering
Prevention
A basic understanding of the oral-systemic connection is integral in addressing health conditions and their effects on the body. A well-balanced, healthy lifestyle consists of a diet low in sugar and high in fruits and vegetables, cutting out all forms of tobacco, reducing alcohol intake, and brushing teeth twice daily with an optimal amount of fluoride (1000 to 1500 ppm). Fluoride is a naturally-occurring mineral that protects the tooth’s enamel and is crucial for maintaining good oral hygiene.
Treatments
Minor treatments, such as cavities and caries, require minimally-invasive treatments that remove the infection or decay and are covered with a filling, crown, or sealant. More invasive procedures, such as flap surgery, bone grafting, extractions, and implants, are performed for gum disease, oral cancers, flap disease, or other severe conditions. The earlier a condition is diagnosed, the more effective and successful the treatment is.
“The earlier a condition is diagnosed, the more effective and successful the treatment is.”
Questions Answered on This Page
Q. What preexisting conditions are linked to oral health?
Q. Are oral conditions primarily habitual or genetic?
Q. How does poor oral health affect the heart?
Q. How does oral health affect the gut and immune system?
Q. How is gum disease linked to general health?
Q. How do cavities relate to teeth sensitivity?
Q. How can a cracked or broken tooth affect other body systems?
Q. How does oral hygiene relate to oral cancers?
Q. How does oral health affect pregnancy?
Q. How do preexisting conditions affect dental care?
Q. How can I find an insurance plan that will cover my preexisting conditions?
Q. What treatments are available for those suffering from oral-systemic conditions?
People Also Ask
Q. What should patients do if they have sensitive teeth?
Q. Am I at high risk for developing oral cancer?
Q. What are some of the common dental conditions that occur during pregnancy?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. Can I prevent gum disease?
A. Nothing can replace regular visits to a complete health dentist, especially since gum disease is often a “silent” condition with little to no symptoms until it has already progressed. However, good oral hygiene should be the first defense for anyone looking to prevent gum disease. Brushing at least twice daily and flossing once nightly can help remove plaque, especially when using a fluoridated toothpaste and mouthwash. Smile Craft Dental can help determine your unique risk profile and what you can do to bring your mouth back to a healthy mouth baseline.
Q. Are there any risk factors for gum disease?
A. Lifestyle choices significantly affect one’s risk of developing gum disease. These involve excessive alcohol intake, tobacco use, and poor nutrition. Age, genetics, stress, medications, and grinding or clenching teeth may also play a factor. However, this list is not exhaustive.
Q. What are the causes of gum disease?
A. Typically, gum disease begins with a buildup of excess plaque. If left undisturbed for long enough, this plaque will eventually turn to tartar under the gumline. From then on, it will develop into gingivitis, a mild form of gum disease. If left untreated, this condition will progress into periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease.
Q. Why does complete health dentistry involve patient education?
A. Patients often lack the necessary knowledge to make informed, critical decisions about their care. As a result, they may feel lost or taken advantage of within the healthcare system. Our goal is to empower our patients to become active participants in their recovery, those with realistic goals and a more comprehensive understanding of the conditions that affect them.
Q. Is pregnancy a preexisting condition?
A. Pregnancy is not a preexisting condition for most insurance plans. However, it may still affect and be affected by oral health. Our compassionate staff will take the necessary steps to provide you with safe, efficient dental care for both you and your baby.
Q. What are the early indicators of dental problems?
A. Many dental problems are first indicated by a sudden feeling of discomfort, pain, or bleeding. Patients also complain from soreness, inflammation, or swelling when a particular area or tooth hurts. They may also experience jaw or gum pain, dry mouth, bad breath, and increased sensitivity to hot and cold.
Q. Are flossing and rinsing an essential part of oral care?
A. Contrary to popular belief, flossing is as important as brushing your teeth. Food particles remain between the teeth and gum line and are often left behind after brushing. These particles build up plaque and cause bacteria to collect in the gums, causing infection. Rinsing with a non-alcohol mouthwash is important to clear all remaining bacteria.
Q. If I had dental problems pre-pregnancy and had treatment, are there still risks for my baby?
A. Untreated dental problems during pregnancy are of primary concern as bacteria travel through the bloodstream and into the womb. However, treated dental problems and proper hygiene maintenance throughout pregnancy have shown positive outcomes in the baby’s health. There are genetic factors that can play into the fetus’ oral health without complications or dental issues during pregnancy.
Q. How is smoking a factor in the oral-systemic connection?
A. Tobacco products affect all body systems, including the oral cavity. Smoking not only impacts the mouth because of its numerous chemicals but also allows bacteria to flow through many other body systems. Smoking also limits saliva flow, causing bacteria to stick to the teeth and gums, building plaque and infections.
Q. What diseases contribute to bad oral health?
A. Diabetes is a common disease that affects oral health as diabetes slows down the healing process and may make treatment more difficult. Heart disease is another contributing factor as the immune system becomes weaker. Immunodeficiencies, such as HIV or Down syndrome, also affect oral health as the body’s defenses are less alert and do not fight off oral bacteria.
Q. How are complete health dentists different from regular dentists?
A. Complete health dentists understand the oral and general health connection and implement this understanding throughout their practice. They utilize only biocompatible, non-toxic materials, eliminate infections in the mouth that can affect other systems, and promote optimal health between the jaw, head, teeth, and neck structural relationships. The main difference is that a complete health dentist identifies areas of oral disease and structural dysfunction that may be impacting your overall health, pinpoints the causes, and treats these issues using holistic methods.
Q. What treatments or procedures do complete health dentists offer?
A. Some of the treatments complete health dentists provide are natural dental cleanings that do not involve the use of fluoride, dental fillings that are BPA-free and metal-free, IV therapy, nutritional counseling, crown replacement using metal-free components, and metal-free dental bridges. They can also refer a patient to a complete medical professional who can examine them for issues found by the dentist or related to oral health concerns.
Q. How can a complete health dentist detect signs of other conditions and diseases?
A. Complete health dentists first target essential problems that can cause tooth decay and tooth loss, such as cavities and caries. They also test for gum disease and periodontal disease to detect harmful bacteria, as many of the symptoms do not arise until there is a significant effect on the teeth. They also conduct an oral cancer screening to catch the disease in its early stages, which can eliminate it while also preventing other diseases from occurring.
Q. Can a medical care physician refer me to a complete health dentist if my condition is oral-related?
A. Yes. Complete health dentists and complete health physicians work hand-in-hand to relieve symptoms and target issues that affect both the mouth and other body systems. A complete health physician understands whether a general health condition is related to oral concerns. A patient can be referred to either when diagnosed with an issue, and oral and general concerns can be combated simultaneously to achieve more effective results.
Q. What are common conditions or diseases a complete health dentist can detect from looking in the mouth?
A. By understanding the oral-systemic health connection, complete health dentists can detect diabetes, leukemia, oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, heart disease, and kidney disease among other conditions. They can also recognize eating disorders, heavy drinking and smoking, stress, anxiety, and pregnancy.
Dental Terminology
- Decay
- Tooth decay is when the enamel of the tooth begins to decay and cause erosion from plaque and tartar on the teeth.
- Dentist
- A dentist, also known as a dental surgeon, is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity.
- Diabetes
- Diabetes refers to a group of diseases that affects how the body produces or responds to the hormone insulin and causes high blood sugar.
- Functional Dentistry
- Functional dentistry involves a strong focus on identifying the root cause of oral health issues and not just treating the symptoms.
- Heart Attack
- A heart attack is when blood flow to the heart becomes blocked and causes the tissues to lose oxygen and die.
- Inflammation
- Inflammation is the redness, swelling, and pain that is a part of the body’s natural response to protect itself from infection, toxins, or injury.
- Oral Hygiene
- Oral hygiene is the practice of maintaining the cleanliness of the mouth, teeth, and gums through brushing, flossing, and regular dental appointments.
- Preventive Dentistry
- Preventive dentistry is the dentistry that focuses on maintaining oral health in order to prevent the spread of plaque, the formation of tartar, and infections in the mouth.
Call Us Today
If you live in the Redwood City area, call (650) 880-1550 for an appointment in our Redwood City office.
Helpful Related Links
- American Dental Association (ADA). Glossary of Dental Clinical Terms. 2023
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